The Turabian Style Manual
Citation Manager
- ZoteroZotero is a free online service for collecting, citing, organizing and sharing research sources. AMBS encourages students to use Zotero. See IT Director Brent Graber (bgraber@ambs.edu) for assistance.
Citation Examples Online
AMBS uses the Turabian notes-bibliography style for citations. Turabian is based on The Chicago Manual of Style. The sites below provide many examples.
- Turabian Quick GuideCitation examples provided by the book publisher. AMBS uses Turabian's "bibliography style" so the formats to follow are N for notes and B for a bibliographic entry.
- Research and Documentation OnlineThis page has examples of the Chicago style for a wide variety of resources. Because Turabian is based on the Chicago style, this is a good source for examples of unusual items like dramatic performances and blog posts.
- Citing Primary Sources: ChicagoThe Library of Congress offers this guide for using digitized items from the library's historical collections. Examples are presented in MLA and Chicago styles for websites, cartoons, films, maps, newspapers, photographs, sound recordings and texts.
Why do I need to cite?
Citing correctly and consistently is a challenge. Why bother? Here are some reasons:
- Acknowledge the contributions of other authors.
- Avoid plagiarism.
- Demonstrate that you know the significant writings on this topic.
- Direct the reader to additional information.
- Encourage others to do further research on the topic.
Whether you use a direct quotation to your paper or rephrase someone else's idea, you should cite works from which you have drawn inspiration. These may be texts, images, interviews or media. Keep a record of citations as you are working so you don't have to go back later and search for them.
About Turabian Style
Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations presents two systems for documentation, "notes-bibliography" and "parenthetical citations-reference list". The AMBS standard is "notes-bibliography".
Turabian styles are slightly modified from those presented in The Chicago Manual Of Style in order to serve the needs of student writers. The format of citations in the Chicago style may be followed if care is taken to standardize the font of footnote and endnote numbers.
How did Kate Turabian, a typist who never graduated from college, become responsible for approving the format of every dissertation at the prestigious University of Chicago? See this tribute.
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